Written Source Analysis
Question 1:
The sons of freedom are the people that usually had less rights than nobles and people of the church, they could be common people (people of the Third Estate). It would refer to people who had not much freedom to do what they wanted, they couldn’t rise up higher in the ranks and become rich, they couldn’t not pay tax and I believe this means that they were said to have no “freedom”. Saying that they are sons of freedom would mean that they have their freedom back and are no longer under a harsh rule of the king.
Question 2:
They were most likely crying as they had many people in their families who fought in the revolution and could’ve gotten injured or killed. This would be enough to make them cry.
Question 3:
The land is desolate because people have destroyed and fought on it.
Question 4:
“to arms” would mean to get armed, or equip a weapon in order to get ready to attack somewhere (during the revolution).
Question 5:
“the storm” is representative the people who had attacked to overthrow and take down the monarchy system in the government.
Question 6:
The Nobles and church were “thirsty” (they had a desperate want for more money) for gold and more power.
Question 7:
The beasts of burden are things that weigh you down, a burden is a load (could be emotional). Beast of burden are reasons that you feel burdened.
Question 8:
This means that there is only one type of human which means they all have the same type of rights (no one group of humans are superior or inferior).
Question 9:
The world that they are referring to are the common people’s world who are “crying” (they are upset) because they are being treated unfarily. The dagger is a metaphorical “knife of lies” which belongs to the tyrants (any class higher than the common people).
Groups that have to do with new rights and equal rights: (I put these in a group because I believe that they are all tied to newly found rights and all people having equal rights, such as number 1)
1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.
2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, executing, or causing to be executed, any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as resistance constitutes an offense.
9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.
10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.
11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
14. All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the necessity of the public contribution; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.
15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.
Groups that have to do with the law: (I put these in a group because I believed they were all related to the law and were somewhat similar)
4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.
6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.
8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.
Groups that have to with making sure there is a fair government: (I put these in a group as I believe that they try and prevent any unfairness in governments and make sure another revolution doesn't happen)
3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
13. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.
15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured, nor the separation of powers defined, has no constitution at all.
The research Challenge:
1. "What was the tennis court oath?"
The tennis court oath was a pledge signed by the third estate on the 17th of June 1789 (after they were locked by louis the XVI from the debating chambers)
2. "Did Marie Antoinette actually say, let them eat cake?"
Marie Antoinette did not actually say “let them eat cake”
3. "What was the coup d'etat of the 18 Brumaire?"
The coup d’etat brumaire represents the end of the French revolution and the beginning of the consulate.
4. "How long did the French Revolution last for?"
French revolution lasted for 10 years (from 1789 to 1799)
5. "What was the French Revolution Calendar"
The French revolution calendar was simply a calendar made by the government and used during the French revolution. They used it for 13 years.
The sons of freedom are the people that usually had less rights than nobles and people of the church, they could be common people (people of the Third Estate). It would refer to people who had not much freedom to do what they wanted, they couldn’t rise up higher in the ranks and become rich, they couldn’t not pay tax and I believe this means that they were said to have no “freedom”. Saying that they are sons of freedom would mean that they have their freedom back and are no longer under a harsh rule of the king.
Question 2:
They were most likely crying as they had many people in their families who fought in the revolution and could’ve gotten injured or killed. This would be enough to make them cry.
Question 3:
The land is desolate because people have destroyed and fought on it.
Question 4:
“to arms” would mean to get armed, or equip a weapon in order to get ready to attack somewhere (during the revolution).
Question 5:
“the storm” is representative the people who had attacked to overthrow and take down the monarchy system in the government.
Question 6:
The Nobles and church were “thirsty” (they had a desperate want for more money) for gold and more power.
Question 7:
The beasts of burden are things that weigh you down, a burden is a load (could be emotional). Beast of burden are reasons that you feel burdened.
Question 8:
This means that there is only one type of human which means they all have the same type of rights (no one group of humans are superior or inferior).
Question 9:
The world that they are referring to are the common people’s world who are “crying” (they are upset) because they are being treated unfarily. The dagger is a metaphorical “knife of lies” which belongs to the tyrants (any class higher than the common people).
Groups that have to do with new rights and equal rights: (I put these in a group because I believe that they are all tied to newly found rights and all people having equal rights, such as number 1)
1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.
2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, executing, or causing to be executed, any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as resistance constitutes an offense.
9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.
10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.
11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
14. All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the necessity of the public contribution; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.
15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.
Groups that have to do with the law: (I put these in a group because I believed they were all related to the law and were somewhat similar)
4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.
6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.
8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.
Groups that have to with making sure there is a fair government: (I put these in a group as I believe that they try and prevent any unfairness in governments and make sure another revolution doesn't happen)
3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
13. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.
15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured, nor the separation of powers defined, has no constitution at all.
The research Challenge:
1. "What was the tennis court oath?"
The tennis court oath was a pledge signed by the third estate on the 17th of June 1789 (after they were locked by louis the XVI from the debating chambers)
2. "Did Marie Antoinette actually say, let them eat cake?"
Marie Antoinette did not actually say “let them eat cake”
3. "What was the coup d'etat of the 18 Brumaire?"
The coup d’etat brumaire represents the end of the French revolution and the beginning of the consulate.
4. "How long did the French Revolution last for?"
French revolution lasted for 10 years (from 1789 to 1799)
5. "What was the French Revolution Calendar"
The French revolution calendar was simply a calendar made by the government and used during the French revolution. They used it for 13 years.